What is an AED and How Does it Work?
An AED is a portable electronic device designed to analyze the heart rhythm of a person experiencing cardiac arrest. It is user-friendly, intended for use by individuals with minimal or no medical training. Here's a breakdown of its functionality:

1. Electrode Pads: AEDs come with adhesive electrode pads that are placed on the victim's chest.
2. Rhythm Analysis: The device analyzes the victim's heart rhythm through the electrodes.
3. Voice Instructions: The AED provides clear voice instructions, guiding the user through the process.
4. Shock Delivery (if needed): If the AED detects a specific abnormal heart rhythm (ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia), it will advise the user to step back and automatically deliver an electrical shock (defibrillation) to try and re-establish a normal heart rhythm.

Why are AEDs Crucial in Cardiac Emergency Response Plans?
Sudden cardiac arrest can strike anyone, anywhere. The survival rate for cardiac arrest declines by 7-10% with each passing minute without defibrillation [8]. AEDs play a vital role in emergency response plans because:

• They are easy to use: Designed for bystanders, AEDs offer clear voice instructions, making them accessible even to those with no medical background.
• They are readily available: The growing presence of AEDs in public places like airports, malls, and offices increases the chances of immediate intervention during a cardiac arrest.
• They can save lives: Early defibrillation with an AED significantly increases the chances of survival for a cardiac arrest victim.

Who Can Use an AED?
Anyone can potentially use an AED. They are designed to be user-friendly, and the device itself guides the user through the process with clear voice instructions. While some locations might have trained personnel readily available, AEDs empower bystanders to take immediate action in a critical situation.
The Crucial Role of AEDs in Saving Lives
Studies have shown that defibrillation from a bystander with an AED within the first few minutes of a cardiac arrest can increase the survival rate by up to 70% [9]. This dramatic improvement in survival odds underscores the importance of widespread AED availability and public education on their use.
AED Regulations in India
Currently, there are no specific government regulations mandating the presence of AEDs in buildings in India. However, specific guidelines exist for medical establishments like hospitals and clinics. The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) regulates the import, manufacture, and sale of medical devices, including AEDs [10].
Following Recommendations and Maintenance
Despite the lack of mandatory regulations, adhering to recommendations from organizations like the American Heart Association (AHA) and the Indian Society of Electrocardiology (ISEC) is highly advisable. These recommendations highlight the importance of:

• Accessibility: Placing AEDs in high-traffic areas with clear signage.
• Training: Regularly training staff and the public on AED use.
• Maintenance: Regularly inspecting and maintaining AEDs to ensure they are functional and ready for use.

Unfortunately, data on the prevalence of proper AED maintenance in India is limited. However, promoting awareness and advocating for adherence to best practices is crucial for maximizing the effectiveness of these life-saving devices.
Conclusion
AEDs are a vital tool in the fight against sudden cardiac death. Their user-friendly design and ability to deliver life-saving shocks make them a critical component of any cardiac emergency response plan. Widespread availability, public education on their use, and proper maintenance of AEDs are all essential steps towards creating a more heart-safe environment for everyone. By equipping communities with these tools and knowledge, we can increase the chances of saving lives in the face of a cardiac emergency.